Because smaller species have a greater surface area to body weight ratio, they have a greater surface for heat loss and less heat storage capacity so they need higher basal metabolism to generate more heat. This difference is largely due to the metabolic requirements necessary to maintain constant body temperature. For example, the 20-gram mouse consumes six times more oxygen per unit body mass than does a 70-kg pig. The consequence of this relationship is that smaller species consume more oxygen per kilogram of body weight than do larger species. Basal metabolism, the metabolism of the resting animal, is a function of metabolic body weight (M 0.75). Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary with the metabolic rate, which is dependent on the animal’s level of activity. The respiratory system provides oxygen (O 2) to support tissue metabolism and removes carbon dioxide (CO 2). Hopefully the components of that volume of air will be clearer after reviewing the following illustrations.The Respiratory System’s Primary Function Is the Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Between the Environment and the Tissues And then real quick before we dive in: if you’re not familiar with the idea of dead space in general, it’s the concept that there is a difference between the quantity of air breathed in during a breath (tidal volume) and the volume of air that actually participates in gas exchange at the alveolar level (clinically relevant tidal volume). Dead space is a concept that we generally discuss in the context of mechanical ventilation – this short series of graphics won’t get into too much detail on that, but we can point you towards our free book on the idea: The goal here is simply to review the different types of dead space, demonstrate them graphically, and point out specific interventions for each of the various types. The series of illustrations in this post demonstrate the different types of dead space encountered in clinical practice and interventions to address them.
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